Explosive Science

Here is the basics

• An atom is a particle not chemically bonded with other atoms
• A molecule is a cluster of elements chemically bonded togeather
• An element  is a single type of matter
• Compound is multiple types of element chemically bonded togeather
• Mixture is a mix of elements that is not chemically bond.

here are the examples of the different types of element, compound and mixture





Difference between compound and mixture


COMPOUND
> chemically bonded by elements
> separated chemically (exp. heating, electricity ...)
> cannot be separated physically
whereas mixture
> not chemically bonded by elements
> can be separated  physically ( exp. magnet, filtration ....)
> cannot be separated chemically

On Thursday, Ms Nada taught us on how to draw a simple animal and plant cell. Th difficult task was trying to draw a circle without Ms Nada being able to see where the person started from. It was so though that we had to do a lot of practice before we got it right. Also she did not want to see fuzzy lines, too small, too big and lines coming out.
 

Density :
Mass/volume = density
to find density of irregular :
1.weigh the irregular solid to find its mass(M)
2. fill the measuring cylinder 1/3 with water(V1)
3. tie a string to the irregular solid and lower it into the water(V2)
Note : use a sinker if irregular solid floats
4.  The volume of the irregular solid is (V1 - V2)
5. Take the mass and divide by the volume to find the density of the irregular solid.

Kinetic particle theory

The bunsen burner has 5 main parts.
1. Barrel - to raise the flame to a suitable height
2. Collar - to regulate the amount of air entering the air hole
3. Air hole - to allow air to enter
4. Jet - to enable gas to rush out
5. Base - to support the bunsen burner
- Gas Tap -  to control the size of the flame

Types of flames:
Luminous
- orange in colour
- flame flickering and unsteady
- gas not burnt completely
- air holes are closed and very little air is allowed to mix with the gas
- not very hot
- carbon particles are deposited on apparatus


Non-luminous
- blue in colour
-flame burns steadily
- gas burnt completely
- hotter than luminous flame
- hottest part is above the tip at the blue zone
- air holes are open allowing air into the bunsen burner 
(used in the lab for heating)




STRIKE BACK !
> occurs when too much air entering the air hole
> the gas burns at the jet
> turn of gas tap immediately and inform the teacher( do not touch any part of the bunsen burner)


Heating liquid in beaker:
1. put the wire gauze on the tripod stand
2. put the beaker of liquid on the wire gauze
3. light the bunsen burner and push it under the tripod stand

Heating liquid in the test tube:
1. hold test tube with test tube holder
2. ensure mouth of test tube is no pointing at anyone
3. slant the test tube of about 45 degrees
4. heat the test tube by moving it through the hotest part of the flame
5. liquid should be about one third of the test tube

Danger symbols:
This website would show you the danger symbols and what they mean.
Science lab danger symbols!
Apparatus in the lab:
This website shows you all the lab apparatus used
Lab apparatus!

1) Independent variable:
- values that are chosen by the experimenter.
-variables are independent to the participant's behaviour.
- exactly like the experimental group without the experimental treatment.
2)Dependent variables
- value you observe and record in experimental designs
- depends on the behaviour of the participant rather then being set by the experimenter
3)Constant Variable
- scientists attempts to keep constant
- absence of the independent variable.
We also learned how to plot a graph

1.Give the title of the graph
2.Label the axis with name and unit of the quantity
3.Choose the suitable scale that the graph is big. No mutiples should be used.
4.Mark the values on each axis at a regular intervals
5.Mark each point with a small cross.
P.S.( SHARP PENCIL SHOULD BE USED )

on our first day in school in term one, Ms nada started teaching us on lab safety. First the do and don'ts in the lab.
DO
-Always follow the teachers instructions
-Keep note books and paper away from the bunsen burner flame and other chemicals.
-Tell teacher upon sustaining any wounds during experiments.
-Report to teacher of any broken glassware or spilled chemicals.
-Wait for heated equippment to cool down.
-Leave all benches and table clean and dry before leaving.
-Wash hands after experiments.
-Point test tube away from your's or anyone's eyes.
-Wear safety googles at all times.
Don'ts
-Enter labortary without teacher.
-Play or behave roughly.
-Eat or drink in the laboratory.
-Smell or taste substances.
-Put solid objects into the sink.
-Pour substances down the sink.
-Mix chemicals without teachers instructions.
-Look directly on top of test tube, beaker or flask.