Solution
- formed when the solute completely dissolve in the solvent
- a solution is homogenous
- it is colourless and nothing should be seen suspended in it
- upon filtering there should be no filtrate
Suspension
- solute cannot dissolve in solvent
- it is not homogenous
- it is not colourless and there are particles suspended
- upon filtering there is a filtrate
There are also different concentration of a solution >>
>A little amount of solute vs solvent -> dilute solution
>A solution near max solubility -> concentrated solution
>Max solubility -> saturated solution
>Over max solubility -> suspension
Solubility can be effected by :
[ temperature - Kinetic particle theory as when it vibrates faster, more exposed space.
[ size of the particles - more exposed surface area would dissolve faster.
[ stirring - distribution of the particles.
Term 2 - lesson 1 - element, compound and mixture( this is going to be HARD)
Here is the basics
- An atom is a particle not chemically bonded with other atoms
- A molecule is a cluster of elements chemically bonded togeather
- An element is a single type of matter
- Compound is multiple types of element chemically bonded togeather
- Mixture is a mix of elements that is not chemically bond.
Difference between compound and mixture
COMPOUND
> chemically bonded by elements
> separated chemically (exp. heating, electricity ...)
> cannot be separated physically
whereas mixture
> not chemically bonded by elements
> can be separated physically ( exp. magnet, filtration ....)
> cannot be separated chemically
Cells drawing them
On Thursday, Ms Nada taught us on how to draw a simple animal and plant cell. Th difficult task was trying to draw a circle without Ms Nada being able to see where the person started from. It was so though that we had to do a lot of practice before we got it right. Also she did not want to see fuzzy lines, too small, too big and lines coming out.
Term 1 - lesson 4 - density and kinetic particle theory
Density :
Mass/volume = density
to find density of irregular :
1.weigh the irregular solid to find its mass(M)
2. fill the measuring cylinder 1/3 with water(V1)
3. tie a string to the irregular solid and lower it into the water(V2)
Note : use a sinker if irregular solid floats
4. The volume of the irregular solid is (V1 - V2)
5. Take the mass and divide by the volume to find the density of the irregular solid.
Kinetic particle theory
so in this experiment:
The "bright spots" move in random motion because they collide with the air and wate molecules.
As the temperature increases the molecules would start to vibrate and move faster.
KPT< this website helps to explain what kinetic particle all about.
Here is the Theory
1. All matter is composed of tiny particles
2.These particles are in constant motion
3.The amount of motion is proportional to the temperature
4.Solid, liquid and gas differ in the freedom of the motion of their particles and the extent which the particles interacts
Term 1 - lesson 3 - Bunsen Burner
The bunsen burner has 5 main parts.
1. Barrel - to raise the flame to a suitable height
2. Collar - to regulate the amount of air entering the air hole
3. Air hole - to allow air to enter
4. Jet - to enable gas to rush out
5. Base - to support the bunsen burner
- Gas Tap - to control the size of the flame
Types of flames:
Luminous
- orange in colour
- flame flickering and unsteady
- gas not burnt completely
- air holes are closed and very little air is allowed to mix with the gas
- not very hot
- carbon particles are deposited on apparatus
Non-luminous
- blue in colour
-flame burns steadily
- gas burnt completely
- hotter than luminous flame
- hottest part is above the tip at the blue zone
- air holes are open allowing air into the bunsen burner
(used in the lab for heating)
STRIKE BACK !
> occurs when too much air entering the air hole
> the gas burns at the jet
> turn of gas tap immediately and inform the teacher( do not touch any part of the bunsen burner)
Heating liquid in beaker:
1. put the wire gauze on the tripod stand
2. put the beaker of liquid on the wire gauze
3. light the bunsen burner and push it under the tripod stand
Heating liquid in the test tube:
1. hold test tube with test tube holder
2. ensure mouth of test tube is no pointing at anyone
3. slant the test tube of about 45 degrees
4. heat the test tube by moving it through the hotest part of the flame
5. liquid should be about one third of the test tube
Danger symbols:
This website would show you the danger symbols and what they mean.
Science lab danger symbols!
Apparatus in the lab:
This website shows you all the lab apparatus used
Lab apparatus!
Term 1 - lesson 2- under control
1) Independent variable:
- values that are chosen by the experimenter.
-variables are independent to the participant's behaviour.
- exactly like the experimental group without the experimental treatment.
2)Dependent variables
- value you observe and record in experimental designs
- depends on the behaviour of the participant rather then being set by the experimenter
3)Constant Variable
- scientists attempts to keep constant
- absence of the independent variable.
We also learned how to plot a graph
2.Label the axis with name and unit of the quantity
3.Choose the suitable scale that the graph is big. No mutiples should be used.
4.Mark the values on each axis at a regular intervals
5.Mark each point with a small cross.
P.S.( SHARP PENCIL SHOULD BE USED )
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